hlm_n `oIcXsb¶ Dev]¶w
tUm. ]n F A_q_¡À
km{amPyXzw apkvenw temI¯v hn¯p]mInapf¸n¨ hlm_nkw Xs¶ "CkvemanI `oIcX'bpsS ]cymbambn km{amPyXz am[ya§en apg¨p \n¶p. IrXyamb Nne IW¡pIq«epIfmWv CXn¶p ]n¶n \S¶Xv. CXnsâ XpS¡w \mw At\zjnt¡WvSXv 9/11s\ Npddn]ddn \S¶ kw`h§fn Xs¶bmWv. hlm_n {_m³Uv Ckvemw apkvenw temI¯v {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xn hensbmcp ]¦phln¨Xv km{amPyXz iànIÄ Xs¶bmWtÃm. dm_nXz, han XpS§nbh t]mepÅ A´mcmjv{S thZnIfpWvSm¡s¸«Xv kuZnssienbnepÅ hlm_nkw temI¯v apgph³ {]Ncn¸n¡m³ thWvSnbmbncp¶p. ^WvSnwKneqsS cmjv{Sob Ckvemw{]Øm\§sf IqSn X§fpsS hcpXnbn \nÀ¯m³ kuZn `cWIqS¯n\p Ignªp. CJvhm\p apkvenaq\pw PamAs¯ Ckvemanbpw C¯c¯n sacp¡s¸«p. Cdm³ þ CdmJv bp²¯n \oXnbpàamb \ne]mSv kzoIcn¡m³ Cu kwLS\IÄ¡mhmXncp¶Xv AXp sImWvSmWv. Atacn¡bpsS ]qÀW AdnthmsSbpw klIcWt¯msSbpamWv BtKmfXe¯n hlm_nkw {]Ncn¸n¡s¸«Xv. Cdm\n hn¹hw \S¶tXmSpIqSn CXn\v iàn hÀ[n¨p. a[y ]uckvXy tZi¯v kw`hn¡psa¶v Hcn¡epw IcpXm¯XmWv Cdm\n kw`hn¨Xv. aX¯nÂ\n¶v {]tNmZ\apÄsImWvS Hcp P\¡q«w, km{amPyXz iànIfpsS ]n³_et¯msS \ne\n¡p¶ Hcp GIm[n]Xnsb Øm\{`jvS\m¡pI! A^vKm\n tkmhnbddv bqWnb³ ASnbdhp ]dªXn\p tijapÅ GXm\pw hÀj§Ä A\nWvSnXXz¯ntâXpw B`y´cbp²§fptSXpambncp¶p. AXn\p tijw A[nImc¯ntednb `cWIqSw Cdm³ `cWIqShpambn ssItImÀ¯p]nSn¨psImWvSv taJebn h³ iànbmbn amdm\pw km{amPyXzs¯ shÃphnfn¡m\papÅ km[yX sXfnªp h¶t¸mÄ temIs¯ AXnibn¸n¨p sImWvSv AXphsc cwK¯nÃmbncp¶ Xmen_m³ssk\yw A[nImcw ]nSns¨Sp¯p. ]n¶oSp \S¶ Hmtcm kw`hhpw km{amPyXz iànIÄ ¹m³sNbvX hn[¯nembncp¶p. ChbmIs« hlm_nIsf s¡mWvSv sN¿n¡p¶Xmbncp¶p Gddhpw bpànklw. km{amPyXz APWvS IWvSp]nSn¡s¸SmXncn¡m³ \ÃXpw AXpXs¶bmbncp¶p. akmsd ico^n cà¸pgsbmgp¡ns¡mWvSv ivaim\hn¹hw \S¯m³ hlm_nIfmb Xmen_m³ A[nImcnIÄ¡ÃmsX addmÀ¡pw km[n¡nÃmbncp¶p. hnÚm\hncp² {]Øm\ambn«mWtÃm apkvenw temI¯v hlm_nkw DSseSp¡p¶Xv. imkv{Xs¯bpw X¯zNn´sbbpw addpÅ `uXnI hnÚm\ob§sfbpsaÃmw hlm_nIÄ i{XpXtbmsSbmWv IWvSXv. Ncn{X kvamcI§Ä kwc£n¡pIsb¶ ]cnjvIrX kaql¯n \ne\n¡p¶ [mcWbv¡v ]pÃphnet]mepw Iev]n¡msXbmWv kuZn Atd_ybn hlm_oIcW Ime¯v kzlm_nIfpsS J_dnS§Ä X¨pXIÀ¡s¸«sX¶ Imcyw {]kn²amWtÃm. _manbm³{]XnaIÄ XIÀ¡m³ ]mI¯n Xmen_ms\ `cW¯nse¯n¨Xn\p tijw AhcpsS sNbvXnbpsS t]cn Ckvemans\ {]Xn¡q«n Ibddm\mWv km{amPyXzw {ian¨Xv. Npcp¡¯nÂ, Ckvemansâ hmÀ¸pamXrIbmbn hlm_nkw AhXcn¸n¡s¸«Xv Bkq{XnXambmbncp¶psh¶v hyàw. inbm¡sfbpw kp¶nIfpw X½nepÅ hntbmPn¸v BibXe¯n \n¶v kwLÀj¯ntes¡¯n¡m\pw kp¶nIsf hoWvSpw hn`Pn¡m\pamWtÃm hlm_nkw DWvSm¡s¸«Xv. ]n¶oSv Ckvemansâ apJyhmÀ¸pamXrIbmbn AXv DbÀ¯s¸«Xn\p ]n¶nepw Nne KqVe£y§fpWvSmbncp¶p. km{amPyXz¯ns¶Xnsc kp¶nIfpw inbm¡fpw H¶n¨p \n¶pÅ sNdp¯p \nev]v Akm[yam¡pIbmbncp¶p Ahbn {][m\s¸«Xv. CdmJv t]mepÅ cmPy§fn s]mXp{]iv\§fn kp¶nþinbm sFIyw F{Xt¯mfw A\nhmcyamsW¶v kaImeo\ kw`hhnImk§Ä \s½ t_m[ys¸Sp¯nbXmWtÃm. hlm_nbmb Dkmam_n³emZn³ BtKmf CkvemanI `oIc{]Øm\¯nsâ A[n]Xnbmbn hmgp¶psh¶Xn\v s]mXpP\¯nsâ ap¼nepÅ sXfnhv CSbv¡nsS Nne hmÀ¯mam[ya§fn HmUntbm tS¸v/ hoUntbm tS¸v aptJ\ e`n¡p¶ {]Jym]\§fpw AhImihmZ§fpamWtÃm. ASp¯ Ime¯mbn inbm¡sf hIhcp¯psa¶ `ojWnbpw emZnsâbpw AÂJmCZbpsSbpw hIbmbn {]Xy£s¸«p XpS§nbn«pWvSv. CkvemanI `oIc{]Øm\¯nsâ Xe¸¯v hlm_nbmb Dkmam_n³emZn³ ]mWvSmXy am[ya§fm Ahtcm[nX\mbXnsâ Kp«³kv Ct¸mÄ ]nSnIn«nbtÃm. hlm_nbnXcÀþ AhÀ ]c¼cmKX kp¶nItfm kq^okcWnIfn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶htcm cmjv{Sob Ckvemansâ hàm¡fmb CJvhm\nItfm PamA¯pImtcm Bsc¦nepamhmw þ \nÀWmbI L«¯n apkvenw sFIyw Xmdpamdm¡m³ thWvSn C¯c¯n inbmhncp² {]kvXmh\IÄ Cd¡nbm temIw hnizkn¡Wsa¶nÃ. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ CkvemanI `oIc {]Øm\sa¶m hlm_nsse³ Ckvemambncn¡Wsa¶v \nÀ_ÔapWvSv. NqjnX ]uckvXy \mSpIfnse apkvenanXc P\hn`mK§Ä Ckvemans\ `oXntbmsS ho£n¡Wsa¶pw ]mWvSmXy NqjI iànIÄs¡Xnsc NqjnX P\hn`mK§sfÃmw H¶n¨psImWvSpÅ Hcp t]mcm«w Hcn¡epw km[yamhcpsX¶papÅ \nÀ_Ôhpw hlm_nIsf Ckvemansâ t\XrØm\¯v {]XnjvTn¡p¶Xn ImWmw. apkvenw Ahm´c hn`mK§fn CXc P\hn`mK§fpambpÅ klPoh\ (symbiosis)¯n\v Gddhpw IqSpX hnLmXw krjvSn¡p¶Xv hlm_nkamWtÃm. kwkvImcs¯¡pdn¨pw X\nasb¡pdn¨papÅ hlm_nIfpsS hnIeamb ImgvN¸mSv, tIcfob kwkvImct¯mSpw aebmfnIÄ ]c¼cmKXambn ]mSnhcp¶ aplvbp±o³ame t]mepÅ Imhyinev]§tfmSpw AhÀ ]peÀ¯p¶ AklnjvWpX IWvSp hfÀ¶ \ap¡v a\Ênem¡m³ _p²nap«pÅXÃ. hlm_nIfmb Xmen_m³ `cWIqS¯n\p am{Xta _manbm³ {]XnaIÄ¡p t\sc hmtfm§m³ km[n¡pIbpÅq. AhÀ hmtfm§nbm am{Xta _p²aXm\pbmbnIÄ¡p {]mapJyapÅ addp ]uckvXy\mSpIsf Ckvemans\Xnsc Xncn¡m\pw Atacn¡bv¡p ]n¶n AWn\nc¯m\pw km[n¡pIbpÅq. CkvemanI apt¶ddsa¶m hlm_nkamsW¶ kahmIy¯nsâ DXv]¯n¡p ]n¶n asddmcp XmÂ]cyhpapWvSv; ]mWvSmXy \mSpIfnse Nn´n¡p¶hÀ¡nSbn kq^nkw t]mepÅ CkvemanI XXzNn´m ]²XnItfmSpÅ B`napJyw {]ISamWtÃm. kq^nk¯n\pw addpÅ ss[jWnI [mcIÄ¡pw t\Àhn]coXamb Add¯mWtÃm ]utcmlnXy¯nepw A\pjvTm\ hmZ¯nepw Du¶p¶ hlm_nkw \nebpd¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Ckvemans\ A]cnjvIrXhpw BNmc \n_²hpambn hnebncp¯m³ A]cnjvIrX ]utcmlnXy {]Øm\ambn \nesImÅp¶ hlm_nks¯ NqWvSn¡mWnt¡WvSXv Hcp BhiyamWv; kq^nkt¯mSpw addpw ]mWvSmXycn B`napJyw hÀ[n¨p hcp¶ D¯cm[p\nI Ime¯v hntijn¨pw.
kaImenI temI¯v hlm_nk¯nsâ \ntbmKsas´¶ tNmZy¯n\v D¯cw ImWmsX Cu NÀ¨ D]kwlcn¡p¶Xv DNnXambncn¡nÃ. kDuZn Atd_ybnse sIm«mcw ]ptcmlnX·mcpw AÂJmCZ þ Xmen_m³ þ ejvIsd Xz¿n_ {]`rXnIfpw D¯tc´ybnse Alvse lZokv {]Øm\¡mcpw tIcf¯nse Ccphn`mKw \Zvh¯p apPmlnZo³ {]hÀ¯IcpsaÃmw hlm_nIÄ AYhm \PvZnb³ Xo{hhmZnIfmWtÃm. Cu {]Øm\§sfÃmw Gsd¡psd \ndthddp¶Xv ]mWvSmXy km{amPyXz APWvSbmsW¶p ]dbmw. kDuZn Atd_ybnse cmPIpSpw_¯nsâ A\nkvemanI `cW¯n\v CkvemanIamb km[pX \ÂIpIbmWv AhnSps¯ hlm_nIfmb sIm«mcw ]ptcmlnX·mcpsS NpaXe. km{amPyXz APWvS KÄ^n \ndthddp¶Xv cmPIpSpw_§fmsW¶Xn\m CXv {]Xy£¯n Xs¶ km{amPyXz XmÂ]cy¯n\v A\pKpWamWv. C´ym D]`qJÞ¯nse Alvse lZokv {]Øm\¡mcpsS {]hÀ¯\hpw kapZmbs¯ `n¶n¸n¡m\pt±in¨n«pÅXmWv F¶Xn\m km{amPyXz APWvS Xs¶bmWv \ndthddp¶Xv. AÂJmCZ þ Xmen_m³ þ ejvIsd Xz¿n_ {]`rXnIfpsS {]hÀ¯\hpw ^e¯n ]Snªmd³ km{amPyXzw AS¡apÅ Ckvemansâ i{Xp¡Ä¡v A\pKpWamWv. AtX kabw Cu {]Øm\§fn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶hÀ BßmÀ°XbpÅhcpamWv. X§Ä km{amPyXz APWvSbmWv \ndthddp¶sX¶v AhÀ Adnbp¶tXbnÃ. FhnsSsb¦nepw H¶pcWvSp t_mw_ps]m«n¨m am{Xw XIÀ¶phogp¶XmWv Ckvemansâ i{Xp¡Ä F¶v hnizkn¡m³ am{Xw ]¨¸mh§fmWhÀ. Chcn \ns¶Ãmw tIcf¯nse \Zvh¯p apPmlnZn\pIfnte¡v hcpt¼mÄ hlm_nk¯nsâ Câ³knddnbn hyXymkapWvSmhp¶nÃ. tIcf¯nse apPmlnZv {]hÀ¯Iscbpw XÃn¡p¶Xv \PvZnb³ Xo{hhmZw Xs¶bmWv. ]t£ BßmÀ°XbpsS Imcy¯n kDuZn Atd_ybnse sIm«mcw]ptcmlnX·mcptSXnepw hfsc XmsgbmWv ChcpsS Øm\w. Ignª ]Xn\©p sImÃambn ChcpsS {]hÀ¯\w \nco£n¨m C¡mcyw t_m[yamhpw. ]Xn\©phÀjsa¶ Imebfhn\v {]tXyI {]m[m\yapWvSv. aebmfnIfS¡apÅ C´y³ apkvenwIfpsS AkvXnXzs¯ Xs¶ tNmZyw sNbvX kw`hamWtÃm _m_vcnakvPnZnsâ XIÀ¨. Cu cmPy¯v Hcp `cWIqSw \ne\n¡p¶nsöpw BÀ¡pw GXp kab¯pw F´pw sN¿msa¶pw AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ X§Ä th«bmSs¸«m tNmZn¡m\mcpansöpapÅ tXm¶en \n¶pWvSmb Ac£nXmhØ apkvenwIsf th«bmSnb kµÀ`w. CcIfpsS IqsS \nÂt¡WvS `cWIqSw Ahcn Xo{hhmZw Btcm]n¨psImWvSv IqSpXembn ]oUn¸n¡m\mWv {ian¨Xv. Cu Ac£nXmhØbn F§s\ {]XnIcn¡Wsa¶dnbmsX bphm¡Ä heªp. km{¼ZmbnIamb kwLS\m APWvSIÄ¡¸pdt¯¡v \ofp¶Xmbncp¶p {]iv\§Ä. Cu kµÀ`¯n tIcf¯nse \Zvh¯pÂapPmlnZo³ t\XrXzw sNbvXXmhs« D¯chmZn¯apÅ Hcp kwLS\m t\XrXz¯n\v kz]v\w ImWm³ t]mepw ]ddm¯Xmbncp¶p. kapZmbw sam¯¯n CcIfm¡s¸Sp¶ kmlNcys¯ F§s\ t\cnSmsa¶p Nn´n¡msX X§fpsS kwLS\m i{Xp¡sf t\cnSm\pÅ ]²XnIfpambn AhÀ apt¼m«p \o§n. CkvemanI `oIchmZsa¶v hmÀ¯mam[ya§Ä sIm«ntLmjn¡p¶ Imcys¯ aXcmjv{ShmZhpambn kaoIcn¨m X§fpsS kwLS\m i{Xp¡fmb PamA¯pImsc {Iqin¡ms\fp¸ambncn¡psa¶v \PvZnb³ Xo{hhmZnIÄ IcpXn. addpÅ XhfIsf \in¸n¡m\mbn aqÀJ³]m¼ns\ Ipf¯nte¡v hnfn¨p hcp¯nb Akqb¡mc³ Xhfsbt¸mse hlm_nIfpsS aXcmjv{S hncp² Im¼bn\pIfn HcpXmcambn laoZv tNµawKÃqÀ £Wn¡s¸«p. PamA¯ns\Xncmb Im¼bn\pIfn {]kwKnt¡WvSXv PamA¯nsâ hÀ¤ i{XpXs¶bmWtÃm. IayqWnÌmbn AhImis¸Spt¼mÄ Xs¶ ]Snªmd³ apXemfn¯¯nsâbpw C´ybnse kwL]cnhmdnsâbpw ssa¡mbn \nesImÅm\ÃmsX kz´ambn Hcp \ne]mSv Hcp {]iv\¯nepw ssIsImÅm³ {]kvXpX hyàn Xp\nbmdnsöXp hmkvXhamWv. hlm_nIÄ Hcp¡p¶ PamA¯v hncp²tbmK§fn Øncw {]kwKI\mbn amdnb laoZv ]n¶oSv Imew amdpIbpw "hlm_n `oIcX' ]Snªmd³ am[ya§fn hnÃ\mbn amdpIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ AXv Gddp]nSn¨tXmSp IqSn tIcf¯nse hlm_nIÄ Cfn`ycmhpIbmbncp¶p.
aebmf ]{XtemI¯v ]pXnsbmcp A£cw kw`mh\ sNbvXpsImWvSv IS¶ph¶ t\XmhmWtÃm A_vZp¶mkÀ aAvZ\n. "sF³' F¶ Ad_nA£c¯nsâ "km¡n³' cq]amb At±l¯nsâ t]cnse "Av' A¨Sn¡m³ aebmf ]{X§Ä _p²nap«pIbpw "aZ\n'bmbn hmÀ¯m am[ya§fn Adnbs¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. CXpIWvSv "aZ\n' F¶ _ncpZ\maw t]dp¶ hlm_nIÄ sR«pIbpw AhÀ¡v aAvZ\nbpambn _Ôansöv ]{X{]kvXmh\bnd¡pIbpw sNbvXp. C{Xbv¡v `ocp¡fmbhÀ "apPmlnZv' F¶v AhImis¸Sp¶Xv {]kvXpX ]Z¯nsâ AÀ°¯n\p Xs¶ If¦apWvSm¡m\mWv D]Icn¡pI.
hlm_nIfpsS `ocpXz¯nsâ ImcWat\zjn¡m³ AhcpsS Ncn{X¯nte¡v Xs¶ t]mthWvSnhcpw. am¸nfamcpsS sImtfmWnbenk¯ns\Xncmbn«pÅ iàamb kac]mc¼cys¯ XIÀ¯p sImWvSmWtÃm tIcf¯n hlm_nkw DWvSmhp¶Xv. {_n«ojv kÀ¡mdn\v ]mZtkh sNbvXpsImWvSv Øm\am\§Ä IcØam¡m\pÅ D]cnhÀKXmÂ]cy¯n\v AhÀ CkvemanIamb \oXoIcWw IsWvS¯n. ]enit]mepw lemem¡ns¡mWvSv "loe¯pÀcn_' Nabv¡phm³ Hcp Ime¯v hlm_nIÄ Xp\nªncp¶p. adp`mK¯v ]c¼cmKXkp¶nIfpw PamA¯pImcpw Hcp ]cn[nhsc km{amPyXzs¯bpw ]mWvSmXyNn´Isfbpw \ncmIcn¡m\mWv {ian¨Xv. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ kpJmt\zjnIfmb D]cnhÀKw hlm_nk¯nemWv A`bw IsWvS¯nbXv. Ct¸mÄ hlm_n `oIcX BtKmf am[ya§fn \ndªp \n¡pt¼mÄ tIcf¯nse hlm_nIfn ImWp¶ hnlzeXbpsS ImcWat\zjnt¡WvSXv Cu a\ximkv{X¯nemWv. Cu kmlNcy¯n X§Ä "ke^nk'hpw hlm_nkhpw Dt]£n¡m³ XbmdmsW¶ Gddp]d¨n (i_m_v, 2006 Pq¬ 9 e¡w, kn ]n DaÀ kpÃanbpambn«pÅ A`napJw) C\nsbmcp Ime¯v ilmZ¯v Iena = `oIcX F¶ kaoIcWapWvSmbm X§Ä Iena Dt]£n¡m³ t]mepw X¿mdmWv F¶Xnte¡pÅ kqN\bmWv.
ke^nkhpw hlm_nkhpw "XuloZnsâbpw kp¶¯nsâbpw amÀK'¯ns\XncmbmWv {]hÀ¯n¡p¶sX¶v tXm¶p¶psh¦n DaÀkpÃan sNt¿WvSXv sXddpXncp¯ns¡mWvSv ]c¼cmKX kp¶o kaql¯nte¡v Xncn¨phcm\pw ssiYney¯nsâ amÀKapt]£n¨p A PamAbpsS hosWvSSp¸n\p thWvSn {]hÀ¯n¡m\pw kz´w A\pbmbnIsf t{]cn¸n¡pIbmWv. Nne ]mWvSmXy\nco£Isc Xs¶ Iq«p]nSn¨psImWvSv `oIcXbpsS c£mIÀXrXzw CJvhm\p apkvenaq\n Btcm]n¨psImWvSv c£s¸Sm\pÅ hn^e{iahpw ImWmw. (i_m_v, AtX e¡w, apPo_pÀ dlvam³ In\meqcnsâ teJ\w) ChnsS Htc kab¯v cWvSv Imcyw þ X§Ä c£s¸SpI. i{Xp¡fmb CJvhm\p apkvenaq³ in£n¡s¸SpIþ \S¡psa¶v IW¡pIq«m\pÅ _p²nhnImkw am{Xta hlm_nIÄ¡pÅq. ChÀ ]gb aqÀJsâbpw XhfbpsSbpw IY, AXsæn laoZv tN¶awKÃqcn\v CSw sImSp¯p sImWvSpÅ kz´w A\p`hw HmÀ¡p¶Xv \¶v.
hlm_n `oIcXsb¶ Dev]¶w
